Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is now recognized as part of the autism spectrum. Individuals with PDA share challenges with others on the spectrum, including difficulties in social interaction, communication, and imagination. However, the primary challenge for people with PDA is their anxiety-driven need to avoid demands and maintain control.
Social Skills and Understanding in PDA
People with PDA often exhibit better social understanding and communication skills compared to others on the spectrum, which they can use to their advantage.
Key Features of PDA
- Resisting and avoiding ordinary demands of life.
- Appearing sociable but lacking depth in understanding.
- Experiencing excessive mood swings and impulsivity.
- Being comfortable in role play and pretend, sometimes to an extreme extent.
- Language delays with a good degree of catch-up.
- Obsessive behaviors, often focused on people.
As with any spectrum condition, the degree and manner in which PDA affects individuals can vary significantly.
Neurological and Behavioral Observations in PDA
In many cases of PDA, a passive early history is observed, though this is not universal. It is believed that some cases involve neurological factors, with a higher likelihood of clumsiness and subtle neurological signs.
Using the PDA Diagnosis for Targeted Support
While other children and young people on the autism spectrum may exhibit some features of PDA, the diagnosis is useful when these features occur together. This is because the strategies and interventions effective for PDA differ from those for other autism spectrum conditions.
Behavioral Characteristics and Challenges in PDA
Individuals with PDA can be controlling and dominating, especially when anxious. Conversely, they may appear enigmatic and charming when feeling secure and in control. Many parents describe their children with PDA as having a ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ personality.
It is crucial to recognize PDA as a hidden disability. Parents of children with PDA are often misunderstood and may face accusations of poor parenting. These families require significant support as they navigate the severe behavioral challenges their children may present.